Gambling is the act of placing something of value, usually money, on an uncertain contest or event with the expectation of gain while accepting all associated risks and taking into account all possible outcomes. Gambling takes various forms, from purchasing lottery tickets and wagering on sports events to more complex casino gambling – often done either professionally for profit or recreationally for recreation purposes. Although generally considered unethical in most societies, gambling remains legal within certain circumstances.
Impacts of gambling have been observed, such as costs to gamblers and their significant others as well as economic benefits like tax revenues, employment opportunities and an increase in tourism. Psychological effects also exist, such as decreased self-esteem, depression, anxiety and feelings of powerlessness; yet gambling also provides positive effects such as an increase in alternative leisure activities and better understanding of money and finances [1]. It should also be noted that in addition to these negative aspects there are also positive ones; including increased use of alternative leisure activities and improved understanding of finances [2 3].
Negative impacts have been observed at individual, interpersonal and community/society levels; more research needs to be conducted on social impact measurement (i.e. capturing intangible social costs that cannot be captured monetary terms) and long-term impacts of gambling; these latter ones can alter an individual’s entire life course and even pass between generations.
Problem gambling can be caused by various factors, including frequent wins and big early wins, boredom susceptibility, impulsivity, use of escape coping and stressful life experiences. At first it may seem rewarding when wins come rolling in; as losses mount they become trapped in an endless cycle of losses while increasing dependence on gambling as a source of stress relief and boredom relief.
No matter the reasons, gambling addiction remains an acute health problem with life-altering effects, regardless of its source. Addicts come from all backgrounds or religions; individuals affected can range from those young or old; rich or poor; living in small towns or large cities alike. Although gambling abuse and dependence share similarity characteristics with substance use disorders like substance abuse [1, 2, 3]. DSM nomenclature still refers to it only as “abuse” or “dependence,” not addiction[1.
Understanding the risks associated with gambling is vital, yet understanding its many positive aspects when conducted responsibly should not be dismissed as something unfavorable. Governments can exploit the economic benefits of responsible gambling while mitigating its detrimental impacts on society. Gambling offers entertainment, stimulates economic growth and revenue, promotes cognitive skills and fosters social interaction while decreasing public services’ costs. Gambling should remain a source of entertainment, not harm. Therefore, supporting those struggling with problem gambling is absolutely crucial – helplines, support groups, and counselling services are available for those in need.